With information that either agrees or refutes the original poster’s discussion. Provides relevant information and feedback to the original poster.
Use the Becoming Aware textbook by Katie Barwick-Snell, 15th edition, as one of the sources for each
NO AI or Plagiarism
(100-150 minimum)
1)Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a trauma related psychiatric condition characterized by intrusive reexperiencing, avoidance, negative alterations in cognition and mood, and hyperarousal that persist for more than one month after exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence. PTSD is diagnosed clinically using DSM5TR criteria: a qualifying traumatic exposure plus required numbers of symptoms across the four clusters, symptom duration of at least one month, and evidence of significant distress or functional impairment; clinicians often use structured interviews such as the ClinicianAdministered PTSD Scale to standardize assessment (American Psychiatric Association; National Center for PTSD). The impact on the individual includes chronic distressing memories, sleep disturbance, concentration problems, comorbid depression or substance use, occupational and social impairment, and increased risk of self-harm; family members and close others commonly experience relationship strain, caregiver burden, reduced intimacy, and secondary traumatization, which can worsen both family functioning and the persons symptoms (MSD Manuals; National Center for PTSD).
Works Cited
American Psychiatric Association. DSM5TR Fact Sheets. Psychiatry.org, American Psychiatric Association, 2022,
National Center for PTSD. PTSD and DSM5. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 2022,
Barnhill, John W. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). MSD Manual Professional Edition, Merck, revised Aug. 2023, modified Jan. 2026, 2)Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that develops after someone experiences or witnesses a traumatic event such as combat, abuse, accidents, or natural disasters. It involves ongoing symptoms like flashbacks, nightmares, anxiety, and emotional distress that dont just go away over time and can interfere with daily life.
PTSD is diagnosed using criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). For a diagnosis, a person must have experienced a traumatic event and show symptoms in four main areas: intrusion (like flashbacks), avoidance, negative changes in mood or thinking, and increased arousal such as being easily startled or constantly on edge. These symptoms have to last longer than a month and impact how the person functions day to day (American Psychiatric Association, 2022).
Speaking from personal experience, I have been diagnosed with chronic Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and its something I actively deal with. One of the biggest challenges for me is avoidance and self-isolation. I tend to distance myself from family and friends, which makes communication difficult even when I know I shouldnt. I also deal with anxiety and emotional displacement. There are times where I dont react the way Im supposed to in certain situations. I feel more emotionally numb than anything, especially during stressful moments. Its not that I dont care, but it can be hard to express or even process emotions in a normal way.
The impact of PTSD doesnt just stay with the individual, it affects the people around you too. From my perspective, it can create distance in relationships because others may not fully understand whats going on internally. Loved ones might see withdrawal or emotional detachment and take it personally, when in reality its part of the condition. This can lead to frustration on both sides and make maintaining strong relationships more difficult. Research also shows PTSD is associated with difficulties in relationships, increased stress, and challenges with emotional regulation (National Institute of Mental Health, 2023). Overall, PTSD is something that impacts both the individual and their support system, which is why awareness, patience, and proper support are so important.
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.; DSM-5-TR). Author.
National Institute of Mental Health. (2023). Post-traumatic stress disorder. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
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